(hatua kwa hatua) jinsi ya kuongeza speed kwa simu yako

<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://shaffihdauda.co.tz/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/hu1.jpg" style="border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="hu1" height="346" src="http://shaffihdauda.co.tz/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/hu1.jpg" style="border: none; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: initial; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 400px;" width="618" /></a></div> <br style="background-color: white; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Moja kati ya matatizo ya smartphones nyingi ni kuwa speed au kasi yake huwa ndogo sana. Hii hutokea mara nyingi kama umefungua applications/programs nyingi kwa mara moja. Je unawezaje kujikwamua na hali hii?</div> <br style="background-color: white; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Kuna njia mbali mbali ambazo unaweza kutumia kuondokana na tatizo la simu kufanya kazi polepole. Njia kubwa na ya uhakika ni KUNUNUA SIMU YENYE UWEZO MKUBWA.</div> <br style="background-color: white; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Kununua simu yenye uwezo wa kufungua application nyingi kwa wakati mmoja bila kusumbua ndio dawa sahihi ya kuondoka na tatizo hilo. Bahati mbaya sana, nyingi kati ya simu zenye uwezo huu huuzwa gharama kubwa na hivyo watu wengi wa kawaida hushindwa kuzipata.</div> <br style="background-color: white; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Hata hivyo kuna aina mojawapo ya simu ambayo ina uwezo mkubwa na gharama zake ni za kawaida. Hivi karibuni, kampuni ya uuzaji wa simu za mkononi kwa kushirikiana na Tigo wamezindua Huawei y360 ambazo zinauzwa kwenye maduka ya Tigo nchi nzima kwa shilingi 160,000. Pindi mteja anunuapo simu hizo, atarudishiwa pesa yote aliyonunua kama vifurushi mbalimbali kwa muda wa miezi sita.</div> <br style="background-color: white; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="http://shaffihdauda.co.tz/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/hu2.jpg" style="border: 0px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-in-out; vertical-align: baseline;"><img alt="hu2" height="344" src="http://shaffihdauda.co.tz/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/hu2.jpg" style="border: none; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: initial; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 10px; max-width: 100%; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 400px;" width="618" /></a></div> <br style="background-color: white; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #7a7a7a; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Tahoma, Arial; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 30px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Huawei Y360 ni simu yenye uwezo mkubwa. Ikipewa nguvu na CPU yenye  Quad-core 1.2 GHz Cortex-A7  uwezo wake wa kufungua applications nyingi kwa mara moja bila kupata shida yoyote. Pamoja na uwez mkubwa wa kufanya kazi, Simu hizi pia zina kamera nzuri yenye 5 MP, 2592 х 1944 pixels, na dual-LED flash (flash mbili).</div>

(hatua kwa hatua) jinsi ya kuongeza speed kwa simu yako

Moja kati ya matatizo ya smartphones nyingi ni kuwa speed au kasi yake huwa ndogo sana. Hii hutokea mara nyingi kama umefungua applicati...

READ MORE

Microsoft Brings Android and iOS Apps to Windows 10

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://cdn1.tnwcdn.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2015/04/Screen-Shot-2015-04-29-at-7.13.36-pm-798x310.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" class="lazy data-lazy-ready" data-lazy-src="http://cdn1.tnwcdn.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2015/04/Screen-Shot-2015-04-29-at-7.13.36-pm-798x310.png" data-lazy-type="image" height="248" src="http://cdn1.tnwcdn.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2015/04/Screen-Shot-2015-04-29-at-7.13.36-pm-798x310.png" style="display: inline;" width="640" /></a></div> Today at its Developer Conference, Microsoft announced that now developers will be able to bring the Android and iOS apps to Windows 10. According to Microsoft, now developers will have the ability to rework and use nearly all Java and C++ codes to create apps for Windows from Android phone apps. Talking about the iOS apps, now devs can recycle the Objective-C codes to make Windows 10 apps using the Visual Studio tools.<br /> With this step, Microsoft has gone one step ahead of its plans to develop a software to convert the Android apps to Windows 10 apps. Now developers will be able to port the games and apps directly to Windows Universal apps. Devs can take the advantage of the pre-developed codes and make something new.<br /> The actual complicated process of developing a Windows 10 app from the scratch will be replaced by the new tools by Microsoft.<br /> Microsoft has been testing these new tools for iOS and Android apps porting with big developers like King – maker of the Candy Crush Saga. The software company expects to bring more mainstream games and apps to the Windows 10 ecosystem before launching its new operating system Windows 10.<br /> <div class="wp-caption aligncenter" style="width: 810px;"> <img alt="" class="lazy data-lazy-ready" data-lazy-src="https://cdn3.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Xf4uD4iNkO8U6u9ascp0rP7IlxE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale()/cdn0.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/3654678/DSC_1210.0.jpg" data-lazy-type="image" height="424" src="https://cdn3.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/Xf4uD4iNkO8U6u9ascp0rP7IlxE=/800x0/filters:no_upscale%28%29/cdn0.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/3654678/DSC_1210.0.jpg" style="display: inline;" width="640" /><div class="wp-caption-text"> Image: The Verge</div> </div> Apart from the iOS and Android app, the software giant is working hard to bringing the websites and Windows desktop apps to Windows universal apps. This will allow website owners like us to create our own web apps without much hassle with in-built push notifications.<br /> Android and iOS has been challenging the Windows ecosystem and the large pool of popular apps on them is one of the key factors.<br /> Now developers will be able to feature their app on the store and they could be installed from right there. TechCrunch writes that during the conference, Microsoft showed how this system would work with Adobe Photoshop.<br /> Did you like this idea of making the iOS and Android apps’ import to Windows 10 easy? Tell us in comments.

Microsoft Brings Android and iOS Apps to Windows 10

Today at its Developer Conference, Microsoft announced that now developers will be able to bring the Android and iOS apps to Windows 10. ...

READ MORE

Names Of The Android OS Versions And How The Names Are Chosen

Many people refer to android versions by “codenames” instead of version numbers (e.g. android “Gingerbread”). What are the names of the various versions of the android OS, and the way these names chosen.<br /> <br /> Each version of android since 1.5 has been developed with a selected codename. These codenames are chosen ALPHABETICALLY, and have so far all been dessert items (or, generically, sweet/sugary foods). Some codenames are related to quite one version range, whereas others are restricted to solely a selected one, and also the reason for this inconsistency isn’t presently best-known. The naming usually seems to correspond to changes within the developer API levels, however this is often not perpetually true (example: 3.0 and 3.1 are each “Honeycomb” however they need totally different API levels).<br /> The following names are used for the presently existing android releases. Note that versions 1.0 and 1.1 weren’t publicly named. However, Android 1.1 was internally stated as “Petit-Four”<br /> <br /> <div id="irc_mimg"> <a data-ved="0CAcQjRw" href="http://www.google.co.tz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsmartfonearena.com%2Fnews%2Fandroid-versions%2F&ei=SCtCVYWRLoP8UpbngbAP&bvm=bv.92189499,d.d24&psig=AFQjCNH7OPeYhGQmuekudrloIYHQ0olmSA&ust=1430486181286776" id="irc_mil" style="border: 0px none;"><img height="369" id="irc_mi" src="http://smartfonearena.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/android-versions.png" style="margin-top: 25px;" width="640" /></a></div> <br /> Cupcake:<br /> • Android 1.5<br /> Donut:<br /> • Android 1.6<br /> Eclair:<br /> • Android 2.0<br /> • Android 2.1<br /> Froyo: (short for “frozen yogurt”)<br /> • Android 2.2<br /> Gingerbread:<br /> • Android 2.3<br /> Honeycomb:<br /> • Android 3.0<br /> • Android 3.1<br /> • Android 3.2<br /> Ice Cream Sandwich:<br /> • Android 4.0<br /> Jelly Bean:<br /> • Android 4.1<br /> • Android 4.2<br /> • Android 4.3<br /> KitKat:<br /> • Android 4.4 (confirmed)<br /> Lolipop:<br /> • Android 5.0<br /> <br />

Names Of The Android OS Versions And How The Names Are Chosen

Many people refer to android versions by “codenames” instead of version numbers (e.g. android “Gingerbread”). What are the names of the vari...

READ MORE

Samsung S5 fingerprint flaw exposed

<img alt="Samsung S5 phone" class="js-image-replace" height="288" src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/660/media/images/82510000/jpg/_82510644_474668207.jpg" width="512" /><br /> <div class="story-body__introduction" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Hackers can take copies of fingerprints used to unlock the Samsung Galaxy S5 phone, claim security researchers.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 23px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> A flaw in Android makes it possible to steal the personal information so it can be used elsewhere, said the experts from security firm FireEye.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Other Android-based phones that also use fingerprint ID systems could also be vulnerable, they said.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Samsung said it took security "very seriously" and was investigating the researchers' findings.</div> <h2 class="story-body__crosshead" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1e1e1e; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 2rem; font-stretch: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 1.2; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Stolen prints</h2> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Fingerprint ID systems are being used more and more in smartphones to unlock the devices or as a way to check who is authorising a transaction. Paypal and Apple already accept fingerprints as an ID check and a growing roster of firms that are members of the Fido Alliance are keen to use them in the same way to remove the need for passwords.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Android phones typically store sensitive data such as fingerprint information in a walled-off area of memory known as the Trusted Zone.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> However, Yulong Zhang and Tao Wei found it was possible to grab identification data before it is locked away in the secure area. This method of stealing data was available on all phones running version 5.0 or older versions of Android provided the attacker got high level access to a phone.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> They also found that on Samsung Galaxy S5 phones, attackers did not need this deep access to a phone. Instead, they said, just getting access to the gadget's memory could reveal finger scan data.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Using this information an attacker could make a fake lock screen that makes victims believe they are swiping to unlock a phone when they are actually authorising a payment.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> In addition, they found, it was possible for attackers to upload their own fingerprints as devices did not keep good records of how many prints were being used on each device.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> Mr Zhang and Mr Wei <a class="story-body__link-external" href="https://www.rsaconference.com/writable/presentations/file_upload/hta-f01-to-swipe-or-not-to-swipe-a-challenge-for-your-fingers_final.pdf" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.298039); border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">are due to present their findings at the RSA security conferenc</a>e in San Francisco on 24 April.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a class="story-body__link-external" href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2015/04/21/samsung-galaxy-s5-fingerprint-attacks/" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(17, 103, 168, 0.298039); border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; color: black; font-family: inherit; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In an interview with Forbes magazine</a>, Mr Zhang said the flaws they uncovered were likely to be widespread throughout handsets running Android 5.0 and below. Updating to the latest version of Android, version 5.1.1, should remove the vulnerabilities, he said.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> The flaw is the latest in a series of problems uncovered with fingerprint ID systems on phones.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> In April last year, hackers discovered a way to fool the print sensor on the S5 by taking a photograph of a print left on a smartphone screen, making a mould from the image and using that to make a replica fake finger.</div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helmet, Freesans, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.6rem; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.375; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> In 2013, a German hacker group used a similar method to bypass the fingerprint reader on Apple's iPhone 5. Hackers from the Chaos Computer Club used a picture of a person's fingerprint left on a glass surface to make a fake finger that unlocked the phone.</div>

Samsung S5 fingerprint flaw exposed

Hackers can take copies of fingerprints used to unlock the Samsung Galaxy S5 phone, claim security researchers. A flaw in Android makes ...

READ MORE

Russian hackers read unclassified Obama emails – report

<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <img alt="Obama" height="384" src="http://i.guim.co.uk/static/w-300/h--/q-95/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2015/4/26/1430003948356/05d34b7b-c3d5-4701-bc4a-f3bf9606784d-300x180.jpeg" width="640" /></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <br /></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> Unclassified emails to and from President Barack Obama were read last year by Russian hackers, <a class=" u-underline" data-component="in-body-link" data-link-name="in body link" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/26/us/russian-hackers-read-obamas-unclassified-emails-officials-say.html" style="-webkit-transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out; background: transparent; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.0625rem; color: #005689; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important; transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out;">the New York Times reported</a> on Saturday.</div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> The White House confirmed the breach earlier this month, saying it took place last year and that it did not affect classified information.</div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> The newspaper, however, said the hack “was far more intrusive and worrisome than has been publicly acknowledged”.</div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> The president’s closely guarded BlackBerry email account was not hacked, the Times said, but communications with other users were swept up.</div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> Quoting “senior American officials briefed on the investigation”, the Times said the hackers penetrated sensitive parts of the White House computer system, as well as the State Department. The hackers are presumed to be linked to the Russian government, if not necessarily working for it.</div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> “It’s the Russian angle to this that’s particularly worrisome,” the Times quoted a senior official as saying.</div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: 'Guardian Text Egyptian Web', Georgia, serif; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> In February, Sony was the subject of an extensive and damaging hack which Obama, in extensive and strongly worded warnings about cybersecurity,<a class=" u-underline" data-component="in-body-link" data-link-name="in body link" href="http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/feb/13/white-house-sony-hacking-the-interview" style="-webkit-transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out; background: transparent; border-bottom-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 0.0625rem; color: #005689; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none !important; transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out;"> blamed on the government of North Korea</a>.</div>

Russian hackers read unclassified Obama emails – report

Unclassified emails to and from President Barack Obama were read last year by Russian hackers,  the New York Times reported  on Saturda...

READ MORE

4 Top Hacker Groups And What They Want

<h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: thin; color: #222222; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.75em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.714em 0px 0.857em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2142em;"> Anonymous: Decentralized Yet United</h2> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </div> <div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding: 492px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 656px;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" id="fitvid648874" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JCbKv9yiLiQ?feature=oembed" style="height: 492px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 656px;"></iframe></div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> By far the most notorious and well-publicised hacker group is Anonymous. This is an underground, international network of nigh-anarchistic ‘hacktivists’ which sprung from <a href="https://www.4chan.org/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">4Chan</a>, the controversial image-based bulletin board. The collective has been known to the public since 2008 when it released a YouTube video (above) setting the tone for what was to come. It was in this video that the group’s would-be tagline was uttered for the first time.</div> <blockquote style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border-left-color: rgb(33, 159, 225); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.25em; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.777777; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 1em;"> Knowledge is free. We are Anonymous. We are Legion. We do not forgive. We do not forget. Expect us.</blockquote> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> In his <a href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/anonymous-hacker-sabu-first-interview/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #1670a0; cursor: pointer; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">first interview since becoming an FBI informant</a>, former Anonymous member Hector Monsegur explains “Anonymous is an idea. An idea where we could all be anonymous…We could all work together as a crowd — united — we could rise and fight against oppression.”</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px;"> Since then, the mysterious group has launched numerous attacks on the websites of government departments,</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px;"> </span><a href="http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/102426-Anonymous-Punishes-the-Oregon-Tea-Party" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">politicians</a><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px;">,</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px;"> </span><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/dec/09/operation-payback-wikileaks-anonymous" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">multi-nationals</a><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px;">, the</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px;"> </span><a href="http://www.cnet.com/news/anonymous-hackers-take-on-the-church-of-scientology/" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Church of Scientology</a><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px;">, and</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px;"> </span><a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/anonymous-vows-to-take-down-isis-how-twitter-has-become-a-battleground-for-propaganda-10037989.html" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; -webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">hundreds of ISIS Twitter accounts</a><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px;"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px;">(to name but a few). It’s important to note however, that due to Anonmyous being entirely decentralised, there’s no specific ‘leadership’ spearheading these campaigns. Most attacks will consist of entirely different individuals who could even be working toward their own individual ends.</span></div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> One of the group’s most far-reaching campaigns was the <a href="http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/operation-payback-targets-mastercard-and-paypal-sites-to-avenge-wikileaks/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">attack launched against PayPal, VISA and Mastercard</a> (<a href="http://www.pandasecurity.com/mediacenter/news/operationpayback-broadens-to-operation-avenge-assange/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Operation Avenge Assange</a>) in response to the leash that was hung around the neck of Wikileaks.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> In effect, Wikileaks was — and still is — dependent on donations to stay afloat. The US government mobilised plans to make these donations almost impossible, thereby strangling the website’s ability to stay in operation. Anonymous didn’t like this move, so countered it by making (very) effective use of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Orbit_Ion_Cannon" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Low Orbit Ion Cannon</a> (LOIC) tool. This tool allowed pretty much anyone to help out with the Denial-Of-Service (DDOS) attacks on these gargantuan websites, temporarily bringing them to their knees, and <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/9696079/Anonymous-hacker-cost-PayPal-3.5-million-by-crippling-site.html" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">losing the companies millions of dollars</a>in the process.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> After the arguable ‘success’ of this attack, Anonymous started operating in a much more political sphere, attacking Mexican drug cartels (<a href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/member-anonymous-released-violent-mexican-drug-cartel-viral-video-threat-article-1.972507" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">which failed</a>), websites <a href="http://mashable.com/2011/10/24/anonymous-child-pornography/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">linked with child pornography</a>and <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/07/anonymous-cyberattack-israel-gaza" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Israeli government websites</a> (in response to it’s attacks on Palestine).</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> The way in which Anonymous launches these attacks has become almost tradition for the group: the  DDOS attack. This is where a website’s server is flooded with so much data (packets) that it can’t handle the pressure. Generally, the site goes offline until some techies come along to fix the problem, or until Anonymous cease the bombardment. In his fantastic <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/09/08/masked-avengers" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">NewYorker </a>piece about Anonymous, David Kushner cites the former Anon Christopher Doyon’s military approach to the group’s DDOS attacks:</div> <blockquote style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border-left-color: rgb(33, 159, 225); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.25em; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.777777; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 1em;"> PLF: ATTENTION: Everyone who supports the PLF or considers us their friend—or who cares about defeating evil and protecting the innocent: Operation Peace Camp is LIVE and an action is underway. TARGET: www.co.santa-cruz.ca.us. Fire At Will. Repeat: FIRE!</blockquote> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> The tactics of Anonymous do go beyond these ‘traditional’ DDOS attacks, though. Back in 2011, Anonymous’ attention turned to Tunisia (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Tunisia" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Operation Tunisia</a>). Using the contacts and skills at their disposal, the group ensured the revolution happening on the streets received ample media coverage, hacked government websites, and distributed ‘care packages’ to protestors. These care packages have since been distributed at various rallies around the world, offering scripts that can be used to prevent government interception, among other things a revolutionary may need.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> In terms of the overall<em> aims</em> of Anonymous, these were pretty clearly outlined in a<a href="http://www.pandasecurity.com/mediacenter/news/operationpayback-broadens-to-operation-avenge-assange/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">statement</a> publicising Operation Avenge Assange. Whether the group is going about realising these aims in the right or wrong way is open to debate but it’s certainly a step away from the ‘<a href="http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=lulz" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">doing it for the LULZ</a>‘ approach that many people associate with other acts of civil disobedience.</div> <blockquote style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border-left-color: rgb(33, 159, 225); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.25em; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.777777; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 1em;"> While we don’t have much of an affiliation with WikiLeaks, we fight for the same reasons. We want transparency and we counter censorship….This is why we intend to utilize our resources to raise awareness, attack those against and support those who are helping lead our world to freedom and democracy.</blockquote> <h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: thin; color: #222222; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.75em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.714em 0px 0.857em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2142em;"> Syrian Electronic Army (SEA): Supporting Bashar al-Assad</h2> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </div> <div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding: 492px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 656px;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" id="fitvid233605" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/9IvoS7hNlyA?feature=oembed" style="height: 492px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 656px;"></iframe></div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Not all hackers are fighting for more left-wing, liberal ideals, however. Back in 2012, Anonymous and the Syrian Electronic Army begun exchanging attacks and threats, which lead to Anonymous ‘<a href="http://www.inquisitr.com/937073/anonymous-attacks-syrian-electronic-army-declaration-of-war-or-for-the-lulz/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">declaring cyberwar</a>‘ on the SEA (see the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOUvgPsiAFc" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">above video</a>, and the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0T-uBJS-EI" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">SEA’s reply here</a>)</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Since 2011, the highly active SEA has been acting out of support for President Bashar al-Assad’s Syrian regime. Logically therefore, the SEA are often seen attacking Western media outlets that publish anti-Syrian messages. The university students (claimed to have connections with Lebanon-based Islamist militant group Hezbollah) behind these attacks have gained some respect from online security firms after hacking hundreds of websites. Prominent targets include the <a href="http://www.zdnet.com/article/how-the-syrian-electronic-army-took-out-the-new-york-times-and-twitter-sites/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">New York Times</a>, <a href="http://news.nationalpost.com/2014/11/27/cbc-news-website-hacked-as-part-of-attack-on-international-media-reportedly-by-electronic-syrian-army/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">CBC</a>, and <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/syrian-group-hacks-washington-post-web-site/2013/08/15/4e60d952-05bd-11e3-88d6-d5795fab4637_story.html" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">The Washington Post</a>, causing many to be <a href="http://www.darkreading.com/attacks-and-breaches/fbi-warns-of-syrian-electronic-army-hacking-threat/d/d-id/1111444?" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">deeply concerned about the political motives</a> behind the group.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> By using malware, DDOS attacks, defacement, spamming and phishing, the patriotic team has been prolific in both attacks, and pranks. On the lighter side of the spectrum, when the group hacked the BBC Weather’s Twitter account, not much damage was done:</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <img alt="Screen Shot 2015-02-24 at 11.34.27" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-453074" height="157" src="http://cdn.makeuseof.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-24-at-11.34.27.png?6055c3" style="border: 0px; display: block; float: none; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" width="573" /></div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> On the darker side, the group is well known for using spear-phishing attacks to gain login credentials to Gmail accounts, social media profiles, and more. On 23 April 2013 this approach lead to a Twitter hoax from the Associated Press news agency’s account. It was falsely stated that an explosion had happened in the White House, with President Obama being injured in the blast. A harmless prank at first thought, but in reality, this led to a <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2013-04-23/a-fake-ap-tweet-sinks-the-dow-for-an-instant" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">$136bn drop on the S&P 500 index</a> over a period of around 2 minutes.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <img alt="Screen Shot 2015-02-24 at 11.34.06" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-453073" height="160" src="http://cdn.makeuseof.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-24-at-11.34.06.png?6055c3" style="border: 0px; display: block; float: none; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" width="467" /></div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> To delve even deeper into the rabbit hole, the SEA has also been linked with posing as female supporters of Syrian rebels in order to <a href="http://www.thenational.ae/world/middle-east/how-honey-trap-hackers-stole-syrian-rebel-war-plans" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">steal war plans</a> to use in the country’s ongoing conflict, leading to the death of a large number of rebels.</div> <h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: thin; color: #222222; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.75em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.714em 0px 0.857em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2142em;"> Chaos Computer Club (CCC): Revealing Security Flaws</h2> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </div> <div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding: 492px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 656px;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" id="fitvid928858" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mVu5ofv92e0?feature=oembed" style="height: 492px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 656px;"></iframe></div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> It’s important to understand that not all hacker groups insist on using almost exclusively illegal measures to get their point across. A case in point is the Chaos Computer Club. As far as European hacker groups go, they don’t come any bigger than the <a href="http://www.ccc.de/en/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">CCC</a>. which currently has well over 3000 members. Since it’s inception in Berlin during the early 1980s, the group has been pushing it’s personal brand of liberal ethics wherever it can.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> This famously began when the CCC stole 134,000 Deutsch Marks from a bank in Hamburg by taking advantage of it’s online <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bildschirmtext" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;" title="Bildschirmtext">Bildschirmtext</a> page, only to return the money the following day to highlight security flaws in the systems.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> As mentioned, the majority of the group’s attacks, unlike other hacker groups, have primarily (but not always) been <em>legal. </em>In his interview with <a href="http://owni.eu/2011/11/08/30-years-of-political-hacking/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">OWNI</a>, Andy Müller-Maguhn, an early member of the CCC, explains that “we needed a lot of legal experts to advise us what we could or could not hack, and to help us distinguish between legal activities and grey areas of legality”. This more benevolent approach to hacking has, according to Müller-Maguhn, lead to the CCC becoming “an accepted and recognized entity because it has worked to educate the public about technology since the 1980s”.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Virtually everything the CCC are involved with stems from a deep desire to draw attention to the misuse of – and security flaws in – the technology that both we and our governments rely on. This is often accompanied with plenty of media coverage, ensuring that any uncovered knowledge reaches as wide an audience as possible.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> In the aftermath of the Snowden revelations, the group’s enthusiasm skyrocketed, particularly when the debate turned to mass surveillance, which is where their new focus is centered.</div> <blockquote style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border-left-color: rgb(33, 159, 225); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.25em; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.777777; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 1em;"> There have to be consequences. The work of intelligence services has to be reviewed – as does their right to exist. If necessary, their aims and methods will have to be redefined. …We have to think about how these [shared] data are processed and where they can be allowed to resurface. And this is not just the challenge for 2015, but for the next 10 years.<br />CCC Member Falk Garbsch (via <a href="http://www.dw.de/germanys-chaos-computer-club-aspires-to-raise-awareness-of-online-dangers/a-18154114" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;"><em>DC</em></a>)</blockquote> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> As a few examples of their exploits, in the CCC’s early days, you could expect to see the group protesting <a href="http://museum.foebud.org/texte/aktion/atom/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">against French nuclear tests</a>, stealing money <em>live on TV</em> using <a href="http://www.geocities.ws/rayvaneng/w0297_06.htm" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">flaws in Microsoft’s ActiveX</a> technology (1996) and <a href="https://books.google.co.in/books?id=pfDiScb0UooC&pg=PA325&lpg=PA325&dq=COMP128+chaos+computer+club&source=bl&ots=-T6rNUX2SK&sig=HUUnXxu_jeeHR9rCuKsOsM0THCQ&hl=en&sa=X&ei=KQjwVJr4Cci0uAT91IGYDQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=COMP128%20chaos%20computer%20club&f=false" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">breaking the COMP128 encryption algorithm</a> of a GSM customer card, unnervingly allowing the card to be cloned (1998).</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> More recently, in 2008, the CCC highlighted <a href="http://www.ccc.de/en/updates/2011/staatstrojaner" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">major flaws in a federal trojan horse</a> that the German government was using at the time. This technology was alleged to contravene the ruling of the Constitutional Court with some of it’s flaws being discussed in the group’s <a href="http://www.ccc.de/en/updates/2011/staatstrojaner" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">press release on the topic</a>:</div> <blockquote style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border-left-color: rgb(33, 159, 225); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.25em; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.777777; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 1em;"> The malware can not only siphon away intimate data but also offers a remote control or backdoor functionality for uploading and executing arbitrary other programs. Significant design and implementation flaws make all of the functionality available to anyone on the internet.</blockquote> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> The CCC’s campaigns weren’t all of this kind, however. One of their early projects involved<a href="http://3dblogger.typepad.com/wired_state/2013/08/the-chaos-computer-club-and-links-to-wikileaks-assange-and-snowden.html" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">selling source code obtained illegally</a> from US corporate and government systems, directly to the Soviet KGB, along with a host of other less contentious projects.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> As a few instances, “Arcade”was the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cdaXP7hLHEs" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">world’s biggest light show</a> organised by the Chaos Computer Club. The collective also runs a <a href="http://chaosradio.ccc.de/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">weekly radio show</a> (German), hosts a yearly workshop-based Easter event called <a href="http://eh14.easterhegg.eu/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Easterhegg</a>, and puts on Europe’s largest annual hacker gathering, the <a href="http://events.ccc.de/congress/2014/wiki/Static:Main_Page" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Chaos Communication Congress</a>.</div> <h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: thin; color: #222222; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.75em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.714em 0px 0.857em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2142em;"> Tarh Andishan: Iran’s Answer To Stuxnet</h2> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </div> <div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding: 369px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 656px;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" id="fitvid198501" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kl1jWsYQ34k?feature=oembed" style="height: 369px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 656px;"></iframe></div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> So far, the attacks mentioned above have rarely, if ever, threatened millions of global citizens with immense danger. In the past couple of years, however, this trend has taken a u-turn with the advent of Tarh Andishan and their relentless pursuit of control over highly important systems and technology.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> With an estimated 20 members, most of whom are allegedly based in Tehran, Iran (along with other periphery members around the globe), Tarh Andishan shows what a truly sophisticated hacker group may be capable of.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Angered by a badly damaged computer network thanks to a <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-20842113" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Stuxnet worm attack</a> (allegedly created by <a href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.534728" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">the US and Israel</a>), the Iranian government drastically intensified it’s cyber warfare efforts, and Tahr Andishan— meaning ‘<em>innovators</em>’ in Farsi — was born.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> By using automated worm-like propagation systems, backdoors, SQL injection, along with other high-calibre tactics, this group has launched a large number of attacks on prominent agencies, government and military systems, and private companies all over the world under what has been named ‘Operation Cleaver’.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <a href="http://www.cylance.com/operation-cleaver/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">According to the security firm Cylance</a>, Operation Cleaver targeted 16 countries, and suggests that “a new global cyber power has emerged; one that has already compromised some of the world’s most critical infrastructure” including the US Navy’s servers, the systems behind a number of leading global companies, hospitals and universities.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Last year, Cylance’s founder Stuart McClure stated in an <a href="http://www.techtimes.com/articles/22160/20141215/operation-cleaver-is-bigger-threat-than-previously-thought-fbi-warns-us-businesses.htm" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">interview with the TechTimes</a> that “They aren’t looking for credit cards or microchip designs, they are fortifying their hold on dozens of networks that, if crippled, would affect the lives of billions of people…Over two years ago the Iranians deployed the Shamoon malware on Saudi Aramco, the most destructive attack against a corporate network to date, digitally destroying three-quarters of Aramco’s PCs.”</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> As a more domestic example of the hacker group’s reach, this collective have also reportedly gained <a href="http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/operation-cleaver-irans-state-sponsored-hackers-infiltrate-airport-airline-security-1477881" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">complete access to airline gates and security systems</a>, giving the group ultimate control over passenger/gate credentials. These examples are just a few among many, alluded to in<a href="http://www.cylance.com/assets/Cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Cylance’s report on </a><a href="http://www.cylance.com/assets/Cleaver/Cylance_Operation_Cleaver_Report.pdf" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Tarh Andishan</a> (PDF). The report claims that he majority of their findings have been left out due to the “grave risk to the physical safety of the world.” that the group now allegedly poses.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> The complexity, and horrifying possibilities of Tarh Andishan’s undertakings strongly suggest that this is a state-sponsored hacker collective, with (as of yet) no clear aims or ambitions but with a terrifying ability to compromise even the most secure of systems.</div> <h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: thin; color: #222222; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.75em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.714em 0px 0.857em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2142em;"> This is Just The Tip Of The Iceberg</h2> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> These four examples are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to hacker groups. From <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizard_Squad" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Lizard Squad</a> to <a href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2014/10/apt28-a-window-into-russias-cyber-espionage-operations.html" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">APT28</a>, the net is awash with groups who’re looking to compromise systems whether for political gain or simply for the lulz. It’s only a relative few, however, who’re responsible for a good chunk of the more publicised attacks that we see in the media. <a href="http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/difference-good-hacker-bad-hacker-opinion/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Whether we agree with their approach or not</a>, their capabilities are sometimes shocking, and almost always impressive. The ‘hacker culture’ is not something that’s going away though, and we can only expect to see more of this kind of activity in the future, and it’ll be getting increasingly sophisticated as time goes on.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> All we can do is hope that it’s negative results are somehow kept to a minimum.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> What do you think of this kind of online activity? Is it an unavoidable aspect of modern technology, or is it something that we <em>have</em> to clamp down on?</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <small style="font-size: 12.8000001907349px;">Image Credit: <a href="https://flic.kr/p/9id7Gd" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Anonymous en la operación Goya</a> by <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/gaelx/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Gaelx</a> via Flickr</small></div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> <br /></div>

4 Top Hacker Groups And What They Want

Anonymous: Decentralized Yet United By far the most notorious and well-publicised hacker group is Anonymous. This is an underground,...

READ MORE

Hollywood Hacks: The Best and Worst Hacking in Movies

<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> Hollywood and hacking do not get along.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Real-life hacking is hard, tedious, slow work. It’s 10 seconds of payoff after weeks of testing and experimenting. Meanwhile, movie hacking is pretty much just burbling gibberish while pounding away on a keyboard like your <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8qgehH3kEQ" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">fingers are going out of style</a>.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <img alt="640px-Backlit_keyboard" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-467834" src="http://cdn.makeuseof.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/640px-Backlit_keyboard.jpg?6055c3" style="border: 0px; display: block; float: none; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%;" /></div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> I myself am not a hacker, but my college roommate was, and I picked up <a href="http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/top-5-websites-to-learn-how-to-hack-like-a-pro/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">an interest in hacking</a> through osmosis. I’ve participated in <a href="https://csaw.isis.poly.edu/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">CSAW</a>, and other computer security competitions. I’ve taken classes that included <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_overflow" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">buffer overflow</a> exploitation as homework. I’m not claiming to be an expert, but I do know just enough about it that watching <em>NCIS</em> causes blood to come out of my eyes.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Unfortunately, most Hollywood portrayals of computers and hacking are painfully bad. That’s a shame, because the few counter-examples show that hacking done well can be genuinely cool. On the flip side, sometimes the hacking is so goofy that it crosses the line into comedy. For your enjoyment, we’ve collected the most notable examples of both. Whether it’s good, bad, or so bad it becomes good, we’ve got it all below.</div> <h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: thin; color: #222222; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.75em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.714em 0px 0.857em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2142em;"> The Best Movie Hacking</h2> <h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 24px; margin: 1em 0px;"> The Social Network</h3> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </div> <div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding: 369px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 656px;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" id="fitvid136960" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VSKoVsHs_Ko?feature=oembed" style="height: 369px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 656px;"></iframe></div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Social-Network-Two-Disc-Collectors-Blu-ray/dp/B0034G4P7Q/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;"><em>The Social Network</em></a>, created by <em>Fight Club</em> director David Fincher, tells the story of the rise of Mark Zuckerberg and the creation of Facebook. It’s a great movie, and one that does a uniquely good job of dealing with computers in a stylish but realistic way.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <em>The Social Network</em> is a weird movie to watch if you know programmers. The technical side of the movie is flawless. Literally everything Zuckerberg says in the scene above makes sense, and it’s the most realistic portrayal of modern hacking I’ve ever seen. That said, the dialog has clearly been filtered through a writer who’s never met a programmer, which makes the jargon come across as slightly off.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Mark Zuckerberg personally objected to the <em>coolness</em> of his character, <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/nov/08/mark-zuckerberg-social-network-made-stuff-up-hurtful" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">saying</a>:</div> <blockquote style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249); border-left-color: rgb(33, 159, 225); border-left-style: solid; border-left-width: 0.25em; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.777777; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 1em;"> “My goal was never to make Facebook cool. I’m not a cool person, and I’ve never really tried to be cool. Our goal isn’t necessarily to make it particularly exciting to use; we want to make it useful.”</blockquote> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> Regardless, <em>The Social Network</em> is a great film, and a great example of how to make hacking interesting, without resorting to crazy animations or shouted technobabble.</div> <h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: thin; color: #222222; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.75em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.714em 0px 0.857em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2142em;"> WarGames</h2> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </div> <div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding: 369px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 656px;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" id="fitvid318650" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/O77v7lVKgNU?feature=oembed" style="height: 369px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 656px;"></iframe></div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/WarGames-Blu-ray-Broderick/dp/B0089J2818/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;"><em>WarGames</em></a>, the 1980s movie where young Matthew Broderick plays computer games with a military AI, is not where you’d expect to find a lot of technical accuracy. However, you’d be wrong. While dated, <em>WarGames</em> is an amazingly accurate portrayal of hacking (“phreaking”) in the early 80s.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Early in the film, the protagonist (David) wants to hack into the school to change his grades. He does this by peeking at the sticky note where the teachers keep the mainframe password. Later, he uses a real exploit in period payphones to make a free call.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Somebody did a ridiculous amount of homework for this movie, and it shows. Aside from the military AI, basically everything shown in the movie is real. Ignoring how dated it is, <em>WarGames</em>might be the most accurate cinematic portrayal of hacking of all time.</div> <h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: thin; color: #222222; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.75em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.714em 0px 0.857em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2142em;"> Blackhat</h2> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </div> <div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding: 369px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 656px;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" id="fitvid284419" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jZ1ZDlLImF8?feature=oembed" style="height: 369px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 656px;"></iframe></div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Blackhat-Blu-ray-DVD-DIGITAL-UltraViolet/dp/B00SG1353E/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;"><em>Blackhat</em></a>, a recent film starring Chris Hemsworth (AKA Thor), follows a joint Chinese-American task force investigating a series of incidents of cyberterrorism. The protagonist is a former hacker who is saved from a 15-year sentence to consult on the effort.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> The filmmakers clearly did their research, and the result is a remarkably accurate portrayal of modern hacking and cyberterrorism. The virus which is used in the initial attack on a nuclear plant bears a striking resemblance to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuxnet" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">Stuxnet</a>, a real virus which was used to <a href="http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/can-cyberattack-cause-physical-damage-hardware/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">attack Iranian centrifuges</a>.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Though there are a few silly moments, the film largely does a <a href="http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/blackhat-shows-us-power-hackers-accurate/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">pretty good job of portraying computer usage</a> as a whole. Every time the camera shows a screen, the contents are pretty believable. The characters use Bash, Emacs, and Linux, and, while there are some visualizations of following code execution through a CPU, they’re pretty subdued compared to some of the movies on this list.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <em>Blackhat</em> departs from reality a little in terms of its plot, which is Rube Goldebergian in nature and tends to devolve into Hollywood cliches. Hemsworth’s character also gets into a lot more gunfights than real computer security consultants do, and winds up half-shirtless more than you might reasonably expect.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> That all being said, the movie does an excellent job on the technical side of things, and most of the attacks in the film are pretty plausible, with social engineering, air-gap attacks over USB drives, and a keylogger carried in a PDF all being shown.</div> <h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 24px; margin: 1em 0px;"> Office Space</h3> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </div> <div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding: 492px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 656px;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" id="fitvid974173" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_IwzZYRejZQ?feature=oembed" style="height: 492px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 656px;"></iframe></div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Office-Space-Special-Flair-Blu-ray/dp/B001JNNDEW/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;"><em>Office Space</em></a>, the classic Mike Judge comedy about suburban middle-class hell, is a fantastic movie, but most people wouldn’t think of it as a movie about hacking. The fact that <em>Office Space</em>makes the “Best” list is a good indication of just how few movies portray hacking well. <em>Office Space</em> uses hacking only as a relatively minor plot device. Still, I think <em>Office Space</em> deserves a spot on the list – not so much for what it does, as for what it doesn’t so.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> There’s a sequence in the movie where characters plant a virus on a company computer. The scene is tense, and accurately conveys what’s going on, and does so using no technobabble or CG. The movie doesn’t go into enough detail to get anything wrong. If your movie isn’t primarily about technology, that’s exactly the right way to do it.</div> <h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: thin; color: #222222; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.75em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.714em 0px 0.857em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2142em;"> The Worst Movie Hacking</h2> <h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 24px; margin: 1em 0px;"> Hackers</h3> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </div> <div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding: 369px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 656px;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" id="fitvid306909" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/8wXBe2jTdx4?feature=oembed" style="height: 369px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 656px;"></iframe></div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Hackers-Jonny-Lee-Miller/dp/6305047456/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;"><em>Hackers</em></a> is notable for being maybe the least accurate portrayal of hacking of all time. The technobabble is gibberish, and every time a character touches a keyboard, an 80s CG acid trip ensues. This movie is ridiculous.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> That said, despite its many failings, the film does a really good job of capturing some elements of hacker culture. Maybe it was prescient, or maybe it was so iconic that it shaped <a href="http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/5-of-the-worlds-most-famous-hackers-what-happened-to-them/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">hacker culture</a> in its own image. Either way, you can’t help but feel like the characters are real hackers. Or, at least, they’re who <a href="http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/4-top-hacker-groups-want/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">real hackers aspire to be</a>.</div> <h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 24px; margin: 1em 0px;"> Live Free or Die Hard</h3> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </div> <div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding: 369px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 656px;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" id="fitvid675458" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/a5SpPPRkd30?feature=oembed" style="height: 369px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 656px;"></iframe></div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> When franchises go on for too long, it’s often the third film where it all falls apart. <em>Alien 3</em>, <em>Shrek 3</em>,<em>Terminator 3</em>. The <em>Die Hard</em> franchise managed to hold on a little longer, getting out three decent films. Then it all got a little weird. It’s not even that <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Live-Free-Die-Hard-Unrated/dp/B000VNMMR0/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;"><em>Live Free or Die Hard</em></a> is a bad movie – it’s just that the world was not ready for a <em>Die Hard</em> that included Justin Long as a main character.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> The villains in <em>Live Free or Die Hard</em> are computer hackers – which, in this movie, is pretty much the same thing as “wizard”. The hackers can hack traffic lights, the stock market, cellphones, bank accounts, military jets – and, in one memorable scene, the abstract concept of fire.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Hacking, in the <em>Die Hard</em> universe, is basically just <a href="http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/can-hackers-really-take-car/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;">necromancy for electronic devices</a>. It’s absurd, but I think this is an example that crosses the line into the genuinely enjoyable.</div> <h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 24px; margin: 1em 0px;"> Swordfish</h3> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </div> <div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding: 369px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 656px;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" id="fitvid367823" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zfy5dFhw3ik?feature=oembed" style="height: 369px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 656px;"></iframe></div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <strong>(Video is NSFW)</strong></div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Making a list of the best hacking in films is challenging because of how few good examples there are. Making a list of bad hacking is hard for the opposite reason. There are so many examples that it’s hard to decide what should make the list.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> The hacking and technobabble in <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Swordfish-Blu-ray-John-Travolta/dp/B000I5XOVY/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;"><em>Swordfish</em></a> is bad, but it isn’t remarkable. The reason that the film makes the list is almost exclusively for the scene above, where a hacker is forced to hack the pentagon with a gun to his head, and monkey business going on under the desk. The sheer absurdity of this scene will live forever in the annals of bad movie history.</div> <h3 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 24px; margin: 1em 0px;"> Skyfall</h3> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </div> <div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding: 369px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 656px;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" id="fitvid856207" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/aApTVqeGJMw?feature=oembed" style="height: 369px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 656px;"></iframe></div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> The hacking in <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Skyfall-Blu-ray-DVD-Digital-Copy/dp/B007REV4YI/" style="-webkit-transition: all 0.3s ease; color: #219fe1; cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.3s ease;"><em>Skyfall</em></a> is notable because of how much work the creators put in to doing it wrong.<em>Skyfall</em>‘s hacking is beautifully, elaborately executed, garbage.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Hacking has a big role in <em>Skyfall</em>, because it ties into the theme of the old world being replaced by the new world. The film squares off an aging Bond and the human intelligence that he represents against cyber-terrorism, and younger, more tech-savvy agents.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> The villain, Raoul Silva, is a hacker who attacks Britain for revenge against his old boss. At various points, Silva uses hacking to blow up buildings, escape from prison, and make viral videos. The visualizations used to portray these things are beautiful and also total nonsense.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Consider the scene above: what’s actually happening there (a piece of evidence retrieved for analysis turned out to have a malicious payload) is reasonable. But the way it’s portrayed is absurd. The code analysis tool shown on the screen is neat looking, but useless; and that’s before it inexplicably morphs into a subway diagram. The technobabble includes real words, but the sentences mostly don’t mean anything. Clearly, they had competent technical advisers on staff, but chose to completely ignore them.</div> <h2 style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: thin; color: #222222; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.75em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.714em 0px 0.857em; padding: 0px 0px 0.2142em;"> Hacking Into the Future</h2> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px;"> </div> <div class="fluid-width-video-wrapper" style="padding: 369px 0px 0px; position: relative; width: 656px;"> <iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" id="fitvid408312" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/uFfq2zblGXw?feature=oembed" style="height: 369px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 656px;"></iframe></div> <br /> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> There is some light at the end of the tunnel. As computers become more ubiquitous, audiences are getting savvier, and portrayals of computer usage are getting better. As the insightful video above points out, much of Hollywood’s initial portrayals of technology were painfully awkward. Since then, we’ve slowly been developing conventions to deal with them.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> Hollywood’s portrayal of hacking is also improving, slowly.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <em>House of Cards</em>‘ portrayal of computer security isn’t great, but it is better than it would have been 10 years ago. Concepts like encryption and proxies and digital signatures are starting to penetrate the popular consciousness. Not just out of popular interest, but out of necessity – as more and more of our lives are lived online, people have to be more and more aware of the dangers posed by hackers and malware.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> As television executives notice that computer security is becoming a part of daily life, we should continue to see better and more accurate representations of what’s involved. It’s important that films get this right, because it’s more and more relevant to the lives of their audience.</div> <div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0.200000002980232px; background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-top: 1.5em;"> <strong>What do you think: Do you actually care about the accuracy of hacking in movies? Or is actually not that important in the grand scheme of things? Did we miss a great example of either good hacking or bad hacking? Please let us know in the comments section below!</strong></div>

Hollywood Hacks: The Best and Worst Hacking in Movies

Hollywood and hacking do not get along. Real-life hacking is hard, tedious, slow work. It’s 10 seconds of payoff after weeks of testing a...

READ MORE

Beware Of Worms Being Spread Through Social Media Networks

<div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b>Facebook users don’t click the Ow.ly links posted anywhere on Facebook, if you have clicked the Ow.ly link (URL shortening service) then you might have gotten your computers infected by a worm.</b></div> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b>The link is being spread by attackers through a post that promises one-of-its-kind of pornographic content. The post is being shared via numerous prominent social media networks such as Twitter and Facebook.After infecting the user’s computer it then posts the same link on the walls of all of the user’s contacts and groups.</b></div> <b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;">As per senior security researcher at Malwarebytes Jerome Segura information the attack primarily targets Chrome and “</span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The goal [of this current attack] is to harvest as many users as possible to create a very large [botnet] consisting of social networks profiles which can be leveraged in various ways, [such as by] reselling Facebook friends and likes, reselling Twitter followers, [and] generating pay per click revenue by visiting sites and clicking ads”. </span><img alt="" src="http://www.latesthackingnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Computer_Worm.jpg" title="Computer_Worm" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;"> </span></b><br /> <b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;">When a Facebook user clicks on the infamous Ow.ly link that promises</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;"> </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“sex photos of teen girls in school,”</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px;">it redirects immediately to an Amazon Web Services page and then gets redirected to a compromised Box website. Users are then prompted to download a file and when it is installed the system gets infected instantaneously leading to the download of the worm. It then spreads the Ow.ly link to all contacts of the user on Facebook.</span></b><br /> <div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; margin-bottom: 1.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <img alt="flow" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-9505" height="651" src="http://www.latesthackingnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/flow.png" style="border: 0px; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" width="704" /></div> <blockquote style="background-color: #f7f7f7; border-left-color: rgb(230, 73, 70); border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 3px; display: inline-block; font-family: 'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 22.399999618530273px; margin: 0px 0px 1.25rem; padding: 0rem 1.25rem; quotes: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> <div style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b>Amazon Web Services (AWS) spokesperson in an official statement explained that the<span style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“activity being reported is not currently happening on AWS.”</span></b></div> </blockquote>

Beware Of Worms Being Spread Through Social Media Networks

Facebook users don’t click the Ow.ly links posted anywhere on Facebook, if you have clicked the Ow.ly link (URL shortening service) then yo...

READ MORE

Five Amazing Things We've Been Promised 'Within Five Years'

<div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px;"> <a href="data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBxQTEhUUExQWFhQXGBcXFxcXFxcaGBgcGBgcGhcYGBoaHSggGholHBoWITEhJSkrLi4uFx8zODMsNygtLisBCgoKDg0OGxAQGywlICQtLDQsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLCwsLP/AABEIAKgBLAMBIgACEQEDEQH/xAAbAAABBQEBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAFAAIDBAYBB//EAEUQAAEDAgQDBQUGAgcIAwEAAAEAAhEDIQQSMUEFUWEGInGBkROhsdHwBxQyQsHhUpMjYmSS0uLxFTNUcoKissI0Q1MW/8QAGQEAAwEBAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAQIDAAQF/8QAKBEAAgICAgEEAgIDAQAAAAAAAAECEQMhEjFBBBMiUTKBcZEjYbEU/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwDe/wD9I9lau19EgxTgZm/wkmSN7ofxntowOax9DMHRmBIkgGQII5rI8axA+8PdTLxDaXiS1oDnEkzqJuocFkquPt3OLgBlO8g2F4BHy1XDyd96OzjHSrZpuIccaHmaLmDK4ZCSWkuiSQNYg2J3QStiWgmQdBby6JcSc9jBkLyCLggd29xI1VCs9okgkyRBfroJnzUorkrsvL4OqCNHLZxzEEWE77Ajx2T6D6lMl7mucwx3cxA0uSBe1lRr1yIA/Dsdyd0nODmuJBzSO/maYBBgBp2zRMbSqRXJEpNRkT4LGO9nUc4QHPJEX0EXCkqVA+iXPu0eINtDr5KlhHAnK1weImLgDYiNbJY6oTS9iLGLBs+fjuuaS+dJef6R1J/47f1/bKOMx7s3dGUEAWBjpdHuD4atUbDM3cpuzCAC78XdECTrvdZWsHMBJY4NOkz7kR7NcTyE5gXiJyl8d6QA5usuHXmV6MUkvieVKTcvkH+z1dlOoXvD6lKmC9rHCXNfLQcwG/eiSOS33DuK0iTUgNDyAHQQXWFhIvBIBXmWE4g2pXaagNNpzte1ndBkyWzabxIPRbJz8FhX9+tMDuAzUaJuMoFgAPXyRMbptQFuYXBEiNws7i+KZyWu/CCeh6SEYwWKDqTXbuaHRuJuBHSQs52hYGnMLfxA8yuf1kpcFx/Zf0sYuXyKOJfM97Y28AvPOI3eTmkQTO5/dbE1hMmYgn05rG8Xysqkj8066X181xen/g6vUPXYAdU56zKOMxDRl0AIgeaFsoAuEwRmgypsaRlg2i0DlK7Z1KkcatFzMGPdqCRb+En56WSo8MfUAqtY7JEudEjUNt6iyu4HhNTEND2tuzLmpmxe2YdGxtML0bszw77vQFIkOa2QCdSJJafQhKtfyUSs8wFd7HPMH2YAebGwJgTOgkj1RjhlSacz5HaTf9FtuK8PpVwaMBocBnc2AcrHAtExzHxWR457QnM1kUzIpNBP4GaQAJiLk6aqWTDFx0dnpcrhO5dUKriGkwTlgabzzCqUsU52lw6YIuQZ3VRj5dDmu08/fokamR3dMZjB1jx8lGOBLVHRL1CbTClKrbM+bEghtwfolRfeiYtDs28GRoTH1qnUKUMvEC8kED9+arNqNcQZtJiDGb9tFzSxptpKwvNcUkEsG8EPLw1w2nptOoVbEYhoECAY1+rqti8XFto+pQpjHOkkeG51XRDGcOXM5MtVOJTZtyD18pRjsrWd7XUQHGTGvdsJ2nKPRZzh+COadASZ5rUYVzaTRlMmL6bKmRLGRi/LOdpcbmrsixFNzfUj/Ch1ei54IOUCLb3lWcTWDyMwBIHp9fqh+KxAAIaYgf6rhy5/cVR7BLItidhwwjK6RyPz56qviMKx8kC5O2hiAhFbFmTJ31XTj3ZfxW+FkqwzVOyFkrsPTkgg6y4X2mJ5C8KbBuaGi3dMmxG0D3wUIr4yXB2a2h8N/Fddi25QAdJt8B1urvFJqmLYSrN9oMoOpGmwGo+CrVcJTMDKXEAAkT4/qlQxYY0dZM+/XopfvXOQegSrlF66GL+N4i/OazdXXMjUg6x4rlHGCqSXR7Q3JzZQec/W6otptAIc8vfEyI7sagTrHJdw9IFsOAdbmAfLxXq0uNF7akW6uO7uUZo6VJB2MiNZUtPIGQ85YvcSfFB8MRBaGxlJid+it4ai55moSGxIEctiEZQpaNGfJhmmC8HMeWQAa9fer2Bc1ocABmbYm17e9BqOOJAYxpaRJgRMm2p5rlStlcZGZw5m0xHzUYwlJOJX3Ixakdw3EM5OWmQXEy42mLT46W6KBrnh4IcJ6nQa7qIY6Q4ajoBc667wqWLrtyyBfcjdXx499E8k012GTBFzznl5LmBZhxUmq0lsbeP1pzQmjiw8xeBeFIx7Q6b+B+Cso0SlJMvYiq3MAA7I3TM6RO5aNpgeiOYWpUcwN9kXNPfbYZJOpPWxsSszw3EM+8NNT8GbQidjA3m63GKxBDBlGUWgARHSFyepzPHNRS7LenxxnFthjC9oKlNsCmHED8U3gWG+3yVPtJx8VXQ0Q0X1uTGp2tdB8XiiGAAQIt+qC1qt7ugxYKcOTXyYMvFS0EKtUu1sByPwQbjDDcDvQJm0rtbFEAwNfWOfrZUaGJcTePD4q0YeSEpeBYQtcQeYE9SNQQifCsOKzny3M02N4jz015pvA+DipNQl2rg3KI01km2vwWm4VSp0XAMY7eXk90WuLWvKnkmk6Kwi2gxwWp7Bhpvewltmlp1aPwyOeysVeJAmWm0zZBKuMp5gyncuJ0gAb3UNavlhrSBuT7/eVCUpMunXQVqVhUBaLWLT1HX3qy2vD2yWBrWtZJvDReOsmDG6zHC8cXU3FpiCZJ5zYA+HxUrHVjTBzjMTedI6mLp4ylHRmr2WatBrsziS4y+XOA/M6c0iO94WQWtg7y2oxwEkiYOnI+SifVquJzvFjGX4EKbB0WtdJJIA876fqqqL7Yil4GVcQ6AHGIvI93RQuyvBFgdh43XcZjosADyPjoPFR4Z7icxaG6XtJ5BFQUVbQrz26Q9rQBduZ0aR75KtUxa9ugQjGYouJAkDcDxU+CpvgZzDdgSb2QapEm3ewkYv08z5qrisXFxPLSwSe4AEAa+qWHEyJAFtiTJ0gJJJVsO+hYhwgQQDGwnw/SyF1qDgLzHKEUxdMAAOmYuTY3PuiyCYrEZT18ei8zHGnUScuys7C97vRGsCB5J4a1tiA4GR5aD9PVVn5okSZFjEjrdcFaHAEdCNfD66rrpvtgJMZhGCkWg6OLp/NFyBogmCpOc6zDDdenyRTGDT4GZN7FX+Fg5w2LGS4RtsTzVIzcIPzZopN7IcLTc50OaeY5EbifBTVWOaYER1/wBFonFgAJsZ3nw+ghWJq0w4ySOUTp5tKlGE5br9Dy4p0iq+nmbmYLSPxEX/AHUDXAkS0A/wnneApsJhXuDw24192gnf5IbLCXAuIMTIsfPqvVirM35LpxbiRkpgRMn5HZTMJLmgze5ERoq3DcDWrB4pAnIMxncFzW28SfcvR+F9nPZ04eQXOaWvJFwXgGx07rpRkkgxbkYxmNl7iBNrARtzPNOw/DK2IpgsYYJa3NyzE+oEGVrKfZSkyCyDmqgm35csOE6wSCfEo/UxQa9paA0MJhugMjl4lyVNR6DKLl2ea8e4C7BsYc/tC5zwdIa1ri0Hz1hCcTh3NkkENMQSLGRPzXovGXsfmc4DnohtYOxLRTay1h1ty8gnjN/RNwsw9LMAYd5bp2Jqt5XvPmtMzgLaTiXTUMxDtAPLddqNL3FoawAnSWtttss81SpI3tutsCcCpmrXD3uhtMBxNrltmgR5ei01XEl0k6bCLJ9HgGUyKlMFwiBc87x5p+H4C/NJqGDraPSSVHIuU+RWCajxKGNrWJiY5ruAozlc4DM45RbS/wC6IVuBvc6G2bzcfWALo1gez1Nly8ui94Fz4fVklD8dmRrH2hLcpc6YtNvS+qfhuzZZSa6q0thxJG51t01at7Tw1FgLgGtn8RAEz1QPjGILjAcLddQDtzWnLjGkBY03sF4jGCk3IAGgggBokX/VUWvNUspNkDV2m2qsjDvNnWBJM6eS5wxuQOc9ukQbX535Lnikk35KtE2Ho+yc+DJtebxy1hQ1+MdwkEHaSPdZTOxTS1zjeQdDEAcjuqNTCkMcS4BjTZzhuRMQAST4adEYY3kl/szkoq2QcKxpYxkwW3JsQPCTYq3XxFV0mQG2gfhseSoYNzajSxr2ksuynlcMx1drY+EyfcliK7Hu78taAe7vba+osrzxShL5ISGSMo6Kf3yHXa7N8R0XX13uESWyZga9FDWxgcRku78IsPMi5IHxRfh2BLAPaOzOvMfDw81pZGukRpvQMc57YIb66HwV6lTdq4ibQBNp5jmr1TJIEb+vvVxnDibkwtDlJG410B6WEEyTN9ALk81cu6xs3kBewVinw9wJgSYFyRvsuOpOjvCD11HgQtUKbb6GVrZQrV2tsOcWuVfwgaNZNQOAgXAmJuLSAlgOGAHvaX7uW43kGTcolg3MYC/MLSA1rhlue7c6uga+K4M2ZcdFccPLM72le4vaCchIPdJvA/1+KEPAMmAY0teQtXi8DSrOzPNxBgEDwncj5lUMbg2QWwMzbg90Ei/diSbBQhKCiktAnhbdoylPFOIP4baHfzCiw7C4gxO0N1nncaIhi+CuaZpg3mSSBH7fsitHCsotB7uYxJFt+pP0F3JLteTnarsp4fDifwZiMriXEW5w0cr3UY4iXOmmIGbKSGjvHbvbgdEQdUI/BTJBud5ubS4wAqgdmc1uXJI6WvGx1hUrQhPiK5mMuYgCCSInQ2g9VC5hk96b3tMdFZfiaNMCLuNmjUmPHoEOfxtk/hcP+gn4FBpvoBqcNh2NbYQD87fErtPgLKzs7WACSCeoi3p8FRpucQGgidEcohzKZ7xMmcu07+OpXRtbZ0xYQwGEGGc2Gi7YdGmuvof+1XMdipHKLIJg8QS0ZjvF+iv1HBslx7gnly+aCXIe62wf98fntJG36qEPqOPe7t5jcpwc6tUb7JkDvXPlKlYKdJzjUMughu8SNT6ovXYtWVcQA+zmmIvyHKfRWGcZ9i3utgjLlJ6CD4Ia+s55kOsbFVcc0kgTIlI5yrbDxSQfx+MbXa14AETPUk3PxQr7sLTGYyZ26ellUqYgsaAJsPcqGL4r3wLxA0Q5yl0TlS7NE80aLJBzPnU7deSqs4++ZBBm2gQ2nWzczz096sBw2bbnb0Vo0lsyd9BzgfFHPrQ8kzMHb09Fo/a5nPbEGJHlqFn+AYQObnaIIPqPn0Rd+KDTO438oI+CjNq6RbGkkR4o2NpGYW9FncQ4M7xGYtgRy+v0RfG4qJM2J02JGhKoUcA6s6aTHOkjNDSRN5n3JePLY112U2+0qOl9riLbfXxSqjuAiTJjKJJN4gFHqnZPFOcHH2dMD/8AR/wDQRHjyVjA9lBT/HjGTMiGi06xLgivTZJbSJvNBPsC4rhLDSyZgDAi0lpMz9dFztDTZRwWHaS4+1rtZIjMQ4mQOQhnotT/ALGw0HNiTfWCwfGVHxjguDrsosdXgUXNeyKjAZaI71oOp9V1+n9Pkg7Zz5s8JLR4vxTFFnepucyHVMpEWylrhPgJHmjdbFGsGPaMz8jZmI03WxrfZzgagDfvL4BcbVaX5xlP5EawfYLDMpCmytXgamaRnXWGDn7lfPilKmiWPIlZ5/wzBCnd5aT4+4LuI4gBYXPOLDmAthivs5aQBTxREXAfSnXqHj4Ki77PcS0WdRqjm0kPPTvgAeq5ZYZLwWWSPhmWBzENMCWgkmQOcCDrEIhRqVGj8Zy63iBE7ny9FJxLglTDiXUazbwaha1zReLuEoZxfFywgFp0ER3rmJ8bT5Lmd3X/AEp/BcOJlxJcADuHSbQNfrVWaOOZIkzEZb2MRHjqs/g8O4iwI2MzcRB9Pkrz2QIvbS0a7x+qLxcvi+jJhniuIZEGSTEgE87zsmOxIO5DQIyiIBte3ny1QoVIEakfUeKY2tJ7rssXd1vzOib/AMOLyNzYSr1WtMxBIi5/LvvfrCrOqA/hzRMnK3Wd7fUKI12ky43j8Rg+ECdFGzirY7r55k/lnRosBPRb2YR0kSlkb0W3V2MbL7CQCXTJnkFUrVmAGo6o0gkC/wCECZEje4Q6u8PM5i3QS5siQdQ3n4qriMGajrtloI03tcwQtxonTYVqYv2oDmvkRYt0MWOllAKokDVx/QWMK3hcDmb7NgkgXAs1oiB8/IqRvAXucYM6B1j5elygky0I10CDTdUf/u5gZRInnty+SN4fgT3NDi5jZvBgH0AstDw7gDWCTc2vv4BFfuzRaB5j9keA6xryZJmHFG9R2Z+uUbeKd/tR5OoA5RJCbxDhtQPcYNztePRV20HU7kGBYDczuei6Uk+ye0XqdRx3gTJJsE7M6oQ0S86uOjfVCq9cmx01jZHsETlaALQDY79Uk5qH4mXyewoym2nQAAGYyS6+pESIWax/4gZnmZ+KN8UxB9k1hiBM9b2WbxtQGxAHhr0hQvlsuuhGo4iB+0JjKkAZvxAHfXwXAIG5nmheIqkOi568vqyKjYrZJi8Q51hJOg9ZUtDBhsOeTmizbR4qOgTqLBIOJ68/kqxh4Fcb2XXYgCzW+7X5q9SpuIn2fd5zDh4QVSw9FzvDrojGCowBoYO0AJ6QGFOG1v6NjYIjQn8UD+L5pvE3fwnWwbufBTBtgTEfJEOA4DM77zVEW/om/wAIj8R6nbp4iEhic5UgzmscbY7g3Z+wqYjvGO7TP4R/zfxHpoOuxXGcZDBE2GgBgeggKjxXiuzVn8VXdplvvK9fF6eGNUeTlzym7COJ7RRoGjwQ+t2ged1ncS8tcRyKYXkrtWNJdHJzbfYZqcbdzUDuMOO6FC8yu0sQ1tnM31/ZLKkUim+wieIk7j0Sp42+08wIK66iD+EADbST1UjaLRrbbx/RTWWPkaUZeGWDxeo1hLar2kAkd4uFtodIWm7B8Vq12VH1XAhpDWmALxLpi2mXbcrF8YaGUjcGbCD1H6Stl9ntLLggf43VHe/J/wCiTI4uNxDj5XsvdqO0Yw9iGmW5pLoDQZF+ehWAc/C4txNMNDyR3WulhPQCwPSPepPtEh9YU3EiWtLQNyA4gHpqfJeb4lrqDm12WLSM0bg7H63XnZZRcuDPQxwbjyTPSXUy2zWxqPdM30CF4hj5cJk2kNEeAMjx9UVZi/a0m1gQQ5sGTYOESfMFpjr0Qs182p7vnJ+r+i82OOUJ7pjqSKGSJzQDvB+tF2lSJm4gXG3qf0Vt+Ja6AKci8nKD4eScyCbxI8Dr5WXSpOtj2VWYbMf6QdbTHW/7p1XBNGkFsTBFtNVI7qS4X1vfkEMxeJeDGkmwjXxnXdblfRuTfQawDabgQHjNPe2DeXNWcPhGmzGukmNtFnsLhnN1kkmTEDS4sPBbLB8QL3jK0Nm5t0ga+Vkrt6GjvssYWiKLQ1jcoJnUmTaDPirJokEZiIM2HwXKOebtBsIGkcgeZUPGKcwSC4jQRYc/E9UHfZVFk4lrSKeaXAax+0KHD1HOEuzAyYjlsqtKk3KGmTvY7ciRYa6BWxVAs1joFrNJHqSlTNsmp1HDQ+5RVOHsfOYQT+ZpgjwBsn510VF6coJ9o85Ta8lZvZ+k1pcS50AnvH5KPDVWmMtgiArKPE0w4Ws4Ljz4HXxOiGVPTB/GG26ckDqYItYKmxLramAdp0CP43B1HgAEeqbVwFRzGMAJLQ6wHN31ouSMZR7R0Qarsy1emSRDtfgoRQDSS68/QRmrw7ITbQSXOkeSEvdLgBoY299ldV0K3ZHUa86Njpy+alZhgwd4z0GkqVzCSIcRNg0C3l1RT7i0QDLjAtaPn5yng76A5Mr4Cm0AOe6L2aEb4fwuviQXUWEsBy3LWgHU6kTtohrazRoATta1rarX9je0+HaWYRzz94e5xDAx0GxM5oy6MdvsqUroRy+jtLgVQBrazIb+Y52Qf6oa0kwdzayscTxMCAifE8VMnYWH6n65LK8RrEyu/wBPiUFZwZsrmylUriZPNVq7jEzukMx/KTGlifoqOph3zOU6G3UXHvXUqs52tAfEvlx8Skx1l2pw+r/AfUfNPGBflu0zOlun15KspqicIOyajQiVVxzLeCu4ai4NgiFFiqDiLNN1By2diiuIzC1u6OenppCnDp5lQ+wdTAyk+nzUX3mp/EfcpasDho5xqrZo6k+n+q9S7K0IwVBuhNNrv7/fP/kvH8VVdUfEyYyjx/1XtLoZlaNGgN9AAjPpJCw7MR267L4mvXpVaGQlmQnM8N0Lp16OWf4v2IxXsqsMa+ziA1zCTF2wJmbCy9Rr1ovBPhHzQDjPbPC4VwbXc9hcCR/RvMgWP4QVx5MMZvkzpx5ZR0jz3sTU9phqlF090ZwOWQ3HQ5XH+6iFPKCA1hMg3m3w8fVBOzfEW/7Re9pmnUxFQjUSyq5wEg6We0wUYx7zTeac3a4iIsbSLAHx2XNnj0x7JXG+kek6aAG5hVnYoGzRFrk+fLXwlROLXtnIMwAhxaQNLXOqH+0e4kXF8wyAkcoN43Fui56CgmMVeGmBAGom+9pgFV/vgt3eQFxIjXVS0eFVKpEsYXSYMkRedjchaLA8AptMvc57m62AEnUBZR+h4wbA+EvIDIGsSBvudd/etbhAKdNpc2DEnL6m/NUcRw97pFNoY3oL+PqrXCsI2mIBe46lznEkn4R0CaLl5KxTokPEWk5AHB5bmuCfKeaoVS5/ea18k6uMADl4dUZfla3QDw1KjojMCAC3nO08lmmx6XkhpYJjodq4cpAnwVkUjzjoNkzEVMoAmJ0FyT5Lgw83JJ8JHlYqi0DRVBSlOslZekeWNBXQ9IkJWWMPa9SNq9VBAXYCDQyZdFeRDocOR+eyo4zhtMjuDJJ70QZHKTdKy6HKM8KkisczQNrcFbIibHnqrWSBYCwvsrXtAeS5WuCMrDO7pt4WXO8ModbLxzQapmV4jXAJy6DrojHYbsz7bEtxedwNEWOxL2uaGkdA5x56KQcMZkd+V7jeA028SR9Bbzsvw8UMMxo1PeJ/5tPdA8lsSk5W0CfFRdMH43su6of/AJBHTKf8aHP7CE64l38v/OtqU0rt92X2cvtR+jDu7Af2l38v/Oo3fZ7/AGp38v8AzrdJpW9yQfbiYM/ZyP8Ainfy/wDOmu+zgf8AFP8A5Y/xreFMcjzkbgjBH7Of7U/+X/nTD9nP9rd/L/zrdkprijzYOKMKPs9P/Fv/ALn+dMrdgf7U8+LJ/wDdbhzlVrvsnTbEaSMlg+xbabmP9sSWvYQMggkOBv3tLLV4wuP5ten7qGjUkt/6j7o/VSVnJ/JIy3E8DVtlrPZ35JBNxB7tzohnG+zjMVkNapUJYCAQWgw4gme6eS1HER3T5fFCm0Sb+0cOmVtvelcUMpMFYfsph2PD25w4EEd7kQRYjou9paLWYkuMf0jAdYktt8GtRdlAz+Nx8gFbxfD6dUsdUaHZQYkc4PlouT1aisTb8FsVudMxvD2Co4hrSdYcBIBnSYAutLgeDMpgF7cztd/hp7kRkAANaA0e5RnEE6A+X76FeViy8+ov9ncopEjCAPWBp4LrCYuYHUfDomU2mZNuQ8PipaWhJ23/AGXR0UQ4gSDry1SaInnsBaB8EypiR58vmqleu50ADKNzqtVhLTKg7xcZgTAFvAc1C3Hl0BoN9yIA8R0ULabWjM5xjc/m+uifWe0GKN3HcyRHSN0QDPvoY50i4A725PIDYKzQLYm9731VF+FvmqOygaNuXE8z8lF7I7TG06rAJIKUFSynAr0rPMoiBKdlUmdLMtZqGezPNINKdKc16xhoau+zUgcu5gtZiIUyu5FJKQWs1D8Hhc72N5kD339y3WIeR+HQWWZ7L0g7EA/whzvdA+KP4gEyASOQG880jex0tFtpkArhTiICa5yQoNK89xX2iEYnI2k32OYCTOdw3eNhzAM+S2fHKhGHq5TDiwtaTs5/dafUheIcMqZ8bRpZiQX02m34m5xc+InwTIB7u5McnlyY5Cw0MchXGOJii0GJcbNH1sihKx3ap81eeVsx4k/IK2NWyWR0i7huKVXXLRHQH4yrmKdYoFw/FvbkaX52n8TcoGWdMtgbEjWRCLYl9j5KtUyV2huAu4+Q9f8AQIm/CEifqwVPgjdT/W+Fvmsh9pH2kuw1T7thYNQQajzdrZ/KADObfzGuwnKgRjZoeIDuuH1qhFN91D2a7QffcJ7RwAqAljwNJG46EEFSymu0CqZOCi1Ki40yWiSACgzHId9ovHX4bA5KTi2pVIbmbYtaBLyCNPyif6ynNJxaZSMqkmjRHCuMSY6aJoBBMDzv8d1HwXiHtMPRe7LmdTYXd0aloJ96sUQAZJBPUae9ea8cl4PRWWL8kbb/AJhB8PioIaHROmxNun10Vxo3zCeQAA/8Sfer7G04jN7v3Q4S+g+5FeQHTw18xcJ6+hAURwsd0EhsXvM/JaIYZh/+xsciFHWwNu7BOxN4Qca7Cpp9AKnhGjqfq0q1TzmzQWxz5eqJf7NdsfRoTjQc38vmcxP/AGiAsw2gXRwgBjLPNxvvspnQ2xdHmFNXqRq8Dw1n1VQ4kT+I+n7pW0u2EohydmUZlcJXpnmEuZdzKIbJ0rGJA9dzKGQugrAJQ5OzKDMuh6xiUHqu5lGXJmdExqOxx79Q9APWfktM2kDBWX7IG1Xxb+qKcO4s2qajWa03FrgdiDB94I8iubJNKVHRCDcbXgLVW2UFRPZiOYC4KgJuY/VLYaBPaLB1KuHqMpGKhDSwnTMxzXt2O7QN15r2H7F4unjBXxDAxjJIkszG0NDQwkAb39829hqVRFiI2G6pZwsmGiVtwmBspOqjZRNqQnTFoVYQs7xjh7nVBUYJ0BE8pj4o7Vq9EO4hjm0mOfUIaxtySfIbXM2VIz47FlDlopYfhwac2WI6/ATA8lFiXq3QxrK1P2jHS0yPAjUHkehQ3FvVoT57Izhw0WMTxEYbCPrH8rCQOZd+EeZIC8G4nTzlzySajiXOd/E43d5r0v7UMfkw9GiD+N+Yjm2kP8RYfJUmcFe7h8OblHsczAdTVDqrs3OSGt8ihPboEHSso/ZPV/osU3YFjvUEfoteVjvssZ3cUerB6ZvmtkQmxfihcn5M40TbnZBO2+CdiKha0iKNKQ2JzF5MjpZrfXxWhwzZdOwv8vf8FyhQaTVe4TNUZSNe4wUwPDOXGOhTSWhYumR8HDfu9HKZHs6cHplEK5CHcEtQpt/hBZ/ccWj4K9PVRosPulnKYHrvtFqNY/2pXfvBUedc9oEKDZYbjXdfUp44geZ9SqRqJZ+pW4oPJlz72CZNyBAmVYHEB/DT/uD5IWHhKB1S+3H6G5y+yAO8EqcxeCelgee6iBXQ5OSJgfr6K6YUMrocsYksuQmF67KJh0LqauHxQsJIF2VHK4FgGi7LYkNc9p3AI8pn4o5h2UmF7mMa11Q5nkfmPM/W55rzfi7nsovfTcQ9nfBH9UyfdPqs4z7R6ob3mEu3ymxt10XNlXy0dOL8aZ7icQ36Kaa4XhZ+1B+zD6j5ovwXtXisUxz6TWhrXZTnJF4BtAPMJEpfQ/x+z1s1gmGqF5qeJ47+Gl/MP+FRni+O/gZ/MCapfQLj9npntgmmuOa8txvabF0m5n0rf1Xhx9Bf3IW77R3jVjvf8lraNSZ7G+q1D+J4WlWYadQEtMTeNDIIPMEBeZjtzUImG/zG/BcPbKpyH99vzTXfaBpdM9DYynRpClTENaSbmXOJ1JJ3QmriAXAdR+6xtbtW93L+835qpiu03sm5hD3mQIIgeN5hWxyUVRLInN2RfaVxD2mJyC4pUw3/AKn94j0yL0mvQsxjnXYDaZmKThHlJ8gvDKlVzy5zjLnEuceZOq9bZjCMJUrOMmlhQZ2NStSaQZ8XR5lPCVtslONJIA/ZkzLhqrj+aqfPK1v6krVe3byJWY4NUZRospCowBoJmZJcTJMW3KvDEMOtY+RaB+vxVItKNE5JuTYcZi9ogKh2RxwqtJnNnxNUgbNaHlwJ8myvLuN8RrirUpuqvLQ4xBgFpPdNukIz2M4+aFOtSa2X1gG03btJBBjyPuSe7bof26RuuD1JoscPzS/++4u/VXEPwzgxrWDRoDR5CFIK6PEHIuSuZlV9ul7dbibkWy5Nzqn98bMZr8sp+MR71J7ZBK+gu12WBUXcyr+28EvbeCPEHIsBy76Kuavgue0W4h5ClIOXEkgw7NCS4ksY6AnJJLGEHQCOYg/tyPgm0S1sCHQNMrhbwBSSStDJnS4bTHXWNp6pF6SSxhj6oi5ty+K8243wN7Kh9kC9hJIjUdHTvrcJJKcykAG7hdWf924enzWy4Xx0Yei2kyk+G6kgXJu46/VkklLm0U4pirdrKh0YR4qjX7SVztC6kg5sKggdW4nWdr+qqVMRUKSSFhogc9/VRnMkkjYKGljk6k0zdcSWs1E3tPr680cp8crVcKMID3GmdBNvwhx3A2HQchCSVcbJZCrQ7PvOpRGj2c5kpJKygiPNlkdnKe7Z8ZRDA8Ip0zLGAHnF1xJMkgNsIMp+KlAXUk1i0OAOyeAYSSWs1CAcnAFJJa2ahwTg1JJa2akODEg0JJLWw0f/2Q==" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" class="irc_mut" height="341" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" style="background-color: transparent; margin-top: 75px;" width="606" /></a>The head of Google's self-driving car unit says his team is committed to getting autonomous vehicles on the road within five years. That's a wildly ambitious goal, considering Google has a long list of technical, production, and—perhaps most difficult—regulatory roadblocks to overcome.</div> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px; margin-top: 2.5rem;"> Five years may seem like an arbitrary time frame to promise delivery of a controversial, unproven product, but it turns out to be a sweet spot for technology predictions. In the past year or so, Jeff Bezos, Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg, and other tech executives have chosen five as the magic number of years for their big predictions to come to fruition.</div> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px; margin-top: 2.5rem;"> Sometimes these estimates do come true: Mobile carriers in the U.S. are on track to deliver on President Obama's<a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-02-10/obama-budget-will-include-10-7-billion-for-emergency-networks" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">five-year promise</a> from 2011 to cover 98 percent of Americans with high-speed wireless Internet. Just don't get your hopes too high. In 2001, Bill Gates told us we'd all be using <a href="http://news.microsoft.com/2001/11/11/gates-showcases-tablet-pc-xbox-at-comdex-says-new-digital-decade-technologies-will-transform-how-we-live/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">Windows tablet PCs</a>in five years. Another Microsoft exec, Nathan Myhrvold, predicted the <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/253592.stm" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">five-year demise of Windows</a>, starting in 1999. By next year, IBM should be bringing us <a data-web-url="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2077019/IBM-predicts-making-mind-controlled-PCs-years.html" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2077019/IBM-predicts-making-mind-controlled-PCs-years.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">mind-controlled computers</a>. Good luck with that.</div> <div data-view-uid="2|0_8_1_7" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px;"> </div> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px; margin-top: 2.5rem;"> Why five? When you consider that there were no iPads or mass-market electric cars five years ago, it shows how much can be accomplished in a half-decade. A cynic might say it's because nobody will remember a crazy prediction five years from now.</div> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px; margin-top: 2.5rem;"> Five might be the favorite number among technologists (and, incidentally, <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/russia/stalinfiveyearplansrev1.shtml" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">Joseph Stalin</a>), but it's not the only measurement for prophecies. <em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-RegularItalic, Georgia, serif;">New York Times</em> columnist Thomas Friedman frequently and infamously predicted during the height of the Iraq War that "the next six months" would be critical to determining success or failure. More recently, an Italian neuroscientist says it'll be possible to <a href="http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/technology/head-transplants-within-two-years-31025401.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">transplant a head</a> onto someone else's body within two years. Senator Harry Reid predicts the Washington Redskins will <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/dc-sports-bog/wp/2014/03/27/harry-reid-predicts-redskins-name-changes-within-three-years/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">change their name</a> "within the next three years." A NASA astronomer thinks we'll find <a href="http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/sideshow/nasa-says-alien-life-will-be-discovered-within-20-years-220544489.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">evidence of aliens</a> within 20 years. A group of scientists predicts that a volcano could make Japan "<a href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/volcano-leave-japan-extinct-100-years-experts-article-1.1987581" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">extinct</a>" within 100 years—or maybe the entire planet will face <a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/earth-could-face-sixth-mass-extinction-within-100-years-9924117.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">mass extinction</a>, according to another group. Those are cheery thoughts.</div> <br /> <figure class="inline-image inline-media center " style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #3c3c3c; display: inline-block; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px; margin: 2.5rem auto 1.25rem; padding: 0px 1.25rem; position: relative; width: 30rem;"><img alt="" class="" data-orientation="square" src="http://media.gotraffic.net/images/iKUgvPHHr07E/v1/-1x-1.png" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; position: relative; z-index: 1;" /></figure><br /> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px; margin-top: 2.5rem;"> While this isn't a comprehensive list—we haven't forgotten about <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-05/samsung-eyes-5g-wireless-network-tech.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">5G</a>, <em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-RegularItalic, Georgia, serif;">Star Wars</em><a href="http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-science/technology/star-wars-3d-hologram-phones-2992299" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">holograms</a>, a <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-03/flu-shot-ritual-may-be-upended-as-u-s-tests-universal-vaccine" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">universal flu vaccine</a>, or Myanmar's <a href="http://www.satellitetoday.com/regional/2014/12/11/myanmar-to-own-first-satellite-in-five-years-time/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">first satellite launch</a>, which will be no easy feat for one of Asia's poorest countries—here are five of the most amazing (and horrifying) things we're supposed to get within five years.</div> <h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: NHaasGroteskDSPro-75Bd, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.625rem; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; margin: 2.5rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px;"> 1. Google self-driving cars on the road</h2> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px; margin-top: 2.5rem;"> Chris Urmson, the director of Google's self-driving car project, gave a presentation at<a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-16/why-ted-speakers-wear-those-weird-headsets" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">TED Talks</a> on Tuesday, where he said the company is aiming to <a href="http://recode.net/2015/03/17/google-self-driving-car-chief-wants-tech-on-the-market-within-five-years/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">get its vehicles on the road</a> within five years. Urmson has a personal reason for picking that deadline: His 11-year-old son will be eligible to get his driver's license in about four and a half years. “My team and I are committed to making sure that doesn’t happen," he said.</div> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px; margin-top: 2.5rem;"> Few people are as optimistic about the road to autonomous vehicles as Urmson. A director of General Motors' self-driving car research lab at Carnegie Mellon University said they'll be common <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/self-driving-cars-predictions-2015-2" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">within 15 years</a>. An analyst at Morgan Stanley went with<a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/27/morgan-stanley-autonomous-cars-prediction_n_4867613.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">2026</a>. Musk, who's not shy about making predictions, avoided nailing down a <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-17/musk-says-tesla-will-lead-when-autonomous-cars-taken-for-granted" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">time frame for autonomous vehicles</a> this week. The chief executive officer at Tesla Motors, which has been developing its own autopilot system, said on Tuesday that we’ll “take autonomous cars for granted” in a short period of time.<img class="irc_mi" height="341" src="http://media.gotraffic.net/images/iN0iVwhgXjtU/v1/765x430.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; margin-top: 75px;" width="606" /></div> <h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: NHaasGroteskDSPro-75Bd, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.625rem; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; margin: 2.5rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px;"> 2. Netflix everywhere in the world</h2> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px; margin-top: 2.5rem;"> Ted Sarandos, Netflix's chief content officer, told the audience at a UBS media conference in New York on Dec. 8 that the company would like its streaming service to "be completely global, available everywhere in the world" within five years. Netflix is currently available in 78 markets, mainly in the Western Hemisphere.<img class="irc_mi" height="404" src="https://gigaom2.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/netflix-globe-repositioned.jpg?quality=80&strip=all&w=640" style="background-color: transparent; margin-top: 43px;" width="606" /></div> <h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: NHaasGroteskDSPro-75Bd, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.625rem; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; margin: 2.5rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px;"> 3. Zuckerberg's vision for a mostly video Facebook<img class="irc_mi" height="341" src="http://images.bidnessetc.com/img/869b61d6a909d51d982bae4dfd341f0a-facebook-fb-to-be-mostly-video-in-5-years-says-zuckerberg.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; margin-top: 75px;" width="606" /></h2> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px; margin-top: 2.5rem;"> Smartphones are making it easier for people to shoot video, and the latest server tech is making it possible for Facebook to store and deliver more of it than ever before, Zuckerberg said in a <a href="https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=828790510512059" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">public question-and-answer session</a> on Nov. 6. "Now, most of Facebook is photos," the CEO said. "Five years ago, most of Facebook was text, and if you fast-forward five years, probably most of it is going to be video." If it turns out to be anything like the <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-08-18/this-ice-bucket-challenge-better-be-over-in-22-days" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">Ice Bucket Challenge</a> of last summer, we'll go back to Friendster.</div> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px; margin-top: 2.5rem;"> <span style="font-family: NHaasGroteskDSPro-75Bd, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.625rem; line-height: 1em;">4. M</span><span style="font-family: NHaasGroteskDSPro-75Bd, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.625rem; line-height: 1em;">usk's killer robot nightmare</span></div> <h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: NHaasGroteskDSPro-75Bd, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.625rem; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; margin: 2.5rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px;"> </h2> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://artificialbrain.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/killer-robot-movie-abe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" class="irc_mi" height="400" src="http://artificialbrain.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/killer-robot-movie-abe.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; margin-top: 80px;" width="300" /></a></div> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px; margin-top: 2.5rem;"> The Tesla and SpaceX CEO started sounding the alarms about the risks of artificial intelligence last year. Musk joked at a <em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-RegularItalic, Georgia, serif;">Vanity Fair</em> conference in October that an AI system designed to get rid of e-mail spam may determine that "the best way of getting rid of spam is getting rid of humans." Then in November he penned a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-killer-robots-will-be-here-within-five-years-2014-11" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">dystopian prediction</a> on the website Edge.org. "The risk of something seriously dangerous happening is in the five year timeframe. 10 years at most," he wrote in a comment that has since been deleted. Musk, along with physicist Stephen Hawking and many researchers in the field, co-signed an <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-04/is-elon-musk-right-about-ai-researchers-don-t-think-so" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">open letter</a> pushing for "maximizing the societal benefit of AI" to avoid a doomsday scenario.</div> <h2 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: NHaasGroteskDSPro-75Bd, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 1.625rem; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1em; margin: 2.5rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px;"> 5. Amazon drone delivery</h2> <span style="background-color: white; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px;"></span><br /> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #3c3c3c; font-family: TiemposTextWeb-Regular, Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 29.109375px; margin-top: 2.5rem;"> Bezos announced <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-12-02/amazon-testing-octocopters-for-delivery-ceo-tells-60-minutes-" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">Amazon.com's delivery drone</a> in December 2013, saying the company may start using them within five years, pending U.S. Federal Aviation Administration approval. That's turned out to be a <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-12-02/amazon-drone-flights-seen-grounded-by-expected-u-s-rules" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">big "if,"</a> and a year later, Amazon <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-09/amazon-tells-faa-it-may-move-drone-testing-outside-u-s-" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">told the FAA</a> it may move drone testing outside of the U.S. On Feb. 15 the government agency <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-15/skies-opened-to-drones-in-first-u-s-unmanned-flight-regulation" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">introduced a proposal</a> to open the skies to unmanned flight. But the rules would prevent companies from flying the vehicles outside of the <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-15/no-amazon-deliveries-by-drone-at-least-not-for-awhile" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">operator's line of sight</a>. That kind of eliminates the point of delivering packages via drone. Meanwhile, Alibaba has been flying drones over Beijingto <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-04/alibaba-drones-fly-over-beijing-as-amazon-pleads-for-u-s-tests" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -webkit-transition: color 0.1s ease-out; background-color: transparent; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(43, 0, 247); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #262626; outline: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.1s ease-out;">deliver<strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: TiemposHeadlineWeb-Bold, Georgia, serif;"> </strong>ginger tea</a>.<img class="irc_mi" height="360" src="http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Le46ERPMlWU/hqdefault.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; margin-top: 66px;" width="480" /></div>

Five Amazing Things We've Been Promised 'Within Five Years'

The head of Google's self-driving car unit says his team is committed to getting autonomous vehicles on the road within five years. Tha...

READ MORE